一些example
This commit is contained in:
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# HTTP连接复用最佳实践
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## 什么是连接复用?
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HTTP连接复用(Connection Reuse)是指在同一个HTTP客户端实例中,对相同目标主机的多个请求复用已建立的TCP连接,而不是为每个请求都创建新的连接。这可以显著提高性能并减少资源消耗。
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## 为什么需要连接复用?
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1. **性能提升**:避免重复的TCP三次握手和TLS握手
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2. **资源节约**:减少系统文件描述符和内存使用
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3. **降低延迟**:复用已建立的连接减少连接建立时间
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4. **服务器友好**:减少服务器连接压力
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## curlx中的连接复用配置
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### 基本配置参数
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```go
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client := NewCurlx(
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// 连接池大小配置
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WithMaxIdleConns(100), // 总空闲连接数上限
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WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(10), // 每个主机的空闲连接数
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WithMaxConnsPerHost(50), // 每个主机的最大连接数
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WithIdleConnTimeout(90*time.Second), // 空闲连接超时时间
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// 其他优化配置
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SetOptionTimeOut(30*time.Second),
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)
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```
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### 参数详解
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| 参数 | 默认值 | 说明 |
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|------|--------|------|
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| `MaxIdleConns` | 100 | 连接池中保持的最大空闲连接总数 |
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| `MaxIdleConnsPerHost` | 10 | 对每个主机保持的最大空闲连接数 |
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| `MaxConnsPerHost` | 50 | 对每个主机允许的最大并发连接数 |
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| `IdleConnTimeout` | 90s | 空闲连接的超时时间 |
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## 最佳实践
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### 1. 正确使用单例模式
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```go
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// ❌ 错误做法:每次请求都创建新客户端
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func badExample() {
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for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
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client := NewCurlx() // 每次都新建,无法复用连接
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client.Get(context.Background(), "https://example.com")
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}
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}
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// ✅ 正确做法:复用客户端实例
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func goodExample() {
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client := NewCurlx( // 只创建一次
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WithMaxIdleConns(50),
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WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(5),
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)
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for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
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client.Get(context.Background(), "https://example.com") // 复用连接
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. 合理设置连接池大小
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```go
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// 根据应用场景调整配置
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func getConfigForScenario(scenario string) []Option {
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switch scenario {
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case "high_concurrency":
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return []Option{
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WithMaxIdleConns(200),
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WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(20),
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WithMaxConnsPerHost(100),
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}
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case "low_resource":
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return []Option{
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WithMaxIdleConns(20),
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WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(2),
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WithMaxConnsPerHost(10),
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}
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default:
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return []Option{
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WithMaxIdleConns(100),
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WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(10),
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WithMaxConnsPerHost(50),
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 3. 监控连接池状态
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```go
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func monitorConnectionPool(client *Curlx) {
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manager := &ConnectionPoolManager{
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client: client,
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transport: client.transport,
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}
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// 定期检查连接池状态
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ticker := time.NewTicker(30 * time.Second)
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defer ticker.Stop()
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for range ticker.C {
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manager.PrintPoolStats()
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}
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}
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```
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## 性能对比测试
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```go
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func BenchmarkConnectionReuse(b *testing.B) {
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client := NewCurlx(
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WithMaxIdleConns(50),
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WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(10),
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)
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b.Run("with_reuse", func(b *testing.B) {
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for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
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client.Get(context.Background(), "https://httpbin.org/get")
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}
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})
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}
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func BenchmarkWithoutReuse(b *testing.B) {
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b.Run("without_reuse", func(b *testing.B) {
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for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
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client := NewCurlx() // 每次新建客户端
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client.Get(context.Background(), "https://httpbin.org/get")
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}
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})
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}
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```
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## 常见问题解答
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### Q: 连接池满了怎么办?
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A: 当连接池满时,新的请求会等待空闲连接。可以通过增加`MaxConnsPerHost`来缓解。
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### Q: 如何清理空闲连接?
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A: 空闲连接会在`IdleConnTimeout`后自动关闭,也可以手动调用`transport.CloseIdleConnections()`。
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### Q: 不同主机的连接是否共享?
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A: 不同主机的连接是隔离的,每个主机维护自己的连接池。
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### Q: HTTPS连接也能复用吗?
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A: 是的,HTTPS连接同样支持复用,包括TLS会话复用。
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## 调试技巧
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```go
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// 启用详细的HTTP跟踪
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import "net/http/httptrace"
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func debugWithTrace() {
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trace := &httptrace.ClientTrace{
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GotConn: func(info httptrace.GotConnInfo) {
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fmt.Printf("连接复用: %v, 来自空闲池: %v\n",
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info.Reused, info.WasIdle)
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},
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ConnectStart: func(network, addr string) {
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fmt.Printf("开始连接: %s %s\n", network, addr)
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},
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ConnectDone: func(network, addr string, err error) {
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if err != nil {
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fmt.Printf("连接完成: %v\n", err)
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}
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},
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}
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ctx := httptrace.WithClientTrace(context.Background(), trace)
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client := NewCurlx()
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client.Get(ctx, "https://httpbin.org/get")
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}
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```
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## 生产环境建议
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1. **预热连接**:应用启动时进行连接预热
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2. **监控指标**:监控连接池使用率和错误率
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3. **优雅关闭**:应用关闭时清理连接资源
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4. **负载均衡**:考虑使用连接池配合负载均衡
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```go
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// 生产环境推荐配置
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func productionConfig() *Curlx {
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return NewCurlx(
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WithMaxIdleConns(200),
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WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(20),
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WithMaxConnsPerHost(100),
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WithIdleConnTimeout(120*time.Second),
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SetOptionTimeOut(30*time.Second),
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)
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}
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```
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@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
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package example
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import (
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"context"
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"fmt"
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"net/http"
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"sync"
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"time"
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"github.com/yuninks/curlx"
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)
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// ConnectionPoolManager 连接池管理器
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type ConnectionPoolManager struct {
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client *curlx.Curlx
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transport *http.Transport
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}
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// NewConnectionPoolManager 创建连接池管理器
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func NewConnectionPoolManager(opts ...curlx.Option) *ConnectionPoolManager {
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// 添加连接池优化配置
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poolOpts := append(opts,
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WithConnectionPoolSettings(
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100, // MaxIdleConns
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10, // MaxIdleConnsPerHost
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50, // MaxConnsPerHost
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90*time.Second, // IdleConnTimeout
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),
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)
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client := curlx.NewCurlx(poolOpts...)
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return &ConnectionPoolManager{
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client: client,
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// transport: client.transport,
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}
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}
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// WithConnectionPoolSettings 连接池配置选项
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func WithConnectionPoolSettings(
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maxIdleConns int,
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maxIdleConnsPerHost int,
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maxConnsPerHost int,
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idleConnTimeout time.Duration,
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) curlx.Option {
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return func(options *curlx.ClientOptions) {
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options.MaxIdleConns = maxIdleConns
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options.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = maxIdleConnsPerHost
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options.MaxConnsPerHost = maxConnsPerHost
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options.IdleConnTimeout = idleConnTimeout
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}
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}
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// ConcurrentRequests 并发请求演示
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func (cpm *ConnectionPoolManager) ConcurrentRequests(urls []string) {
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var wg sync.WaitGroup
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results := make(chan string, len(urls))
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startTime := time.Now()
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// 并发执行多个请求
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for i, url := range urls {
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wg.Add(1)
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go func(index int, targetURL string) {
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defer wg.Done()
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ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
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defer cancel()
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start := time.Now()
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response, err := cpm.client.Get(ctx, targetURL)
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duration := time.Since(start)
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if err != nil {
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results <- fmt.Sprintf("Request %d to %s failed: %v (took %v)",
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index, targetURL, err, duration)
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} else {
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results <- fmt.Sprintf("Request %d to %s succeeded: %d bytes (took %v)",
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index, targetURL, len(response), duration)
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}
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}(i, url)
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}
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// 等待所有请求完成
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wg.Wait()
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close(results)
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totalDuration := time.Since(startTime)
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fmt.Printf("=== 并发请求完成 ===\n")
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fmt.Printf("总耗时: %v\n", totalDuration)
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fmt.Printf("平均每个请求: %v\n", totalDuration/time.Duration(len(urls)))
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// 输出结果
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for result := range results {
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fmt.Println(result)
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}
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// 输出连接池状态
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cpm.PrintPoolStats()
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}
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// PrintPoolStats 打印连接池统计信息
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func (cpm *ConnectionPoolManager) PrintPoolStats() {
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// stats := cpm.transport
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fmt.Printf("\n=== 连接池统计 ===\n")
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// fmt.Printf("当前空闲连接数: %d\n", stats.IdleConnCount())
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// fmt.Printf("总连接数: %d\n", stats.TotalConnCount())
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// fmt.Printf("等待队列长度: %d\n", stats.WaitQueueLength())
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}
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// ReuseExample 连接复用示例
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func (cpm *ConnectionPoolManager) ReuseExample(baseURL string, requestCount int) {
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fmt.Printf("=== 连接复用测试 ===\n")
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fmt.Printf("目标URL: %s\n", baseURL)
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fmt.Printf("请求次数: %d\n\n", requestCount)
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startTime := time.Now()
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for i := 0; i < requestCount; i++ {
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ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
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start := time.Now()
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response, err := cpm.client.Get(ctx, baseURL)
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duration := time.Since(start)
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cancel() // 释放context资源
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if err != nil {
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fmt.Printf("第%d次请求失败: %v (耗时: %v)\n", i+1, err, duration)
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} else {
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fmt.Printf("第%d次请求成功: %d字节 (耗时: %v)\n", i+1, len(response), duration)
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}
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// 小间隔避免请求过于密集
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time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
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}
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totalDuration := time.Since(startTime)
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fmt.Printf("\n=== 测试完成 ===\n")
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fmt.Printf("总耗时: %v\n", totalDuration)
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fmt.Printf("平均每请求: %v\n", totalDuration/time.Duration(requestCount))
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cpm.PrintPoolStats()
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}
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// PersistentConnectionExample 持久连接示例
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func (cpm *ConnectionPoolManager) PersistentConnectionExample(targetURL string) {
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fmt.Printf("=== 持久连接测试 ===\n")
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fmt.Printf("测试URL: %s\n\n", targetURL)
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// 预热连接
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fmt.Println("预热阶段 - 建立初始连接...")
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ctx1, cancel1 := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
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_, err := cpm.client.Get(ctx1, targetURL)
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cancel1()
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if err != nil {
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fmt.Printf("预热失败: %v\n", err)
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return
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}
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cpm.PrintPoolStats()
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// 实际测试
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fmt.Println("\n实际测试阶段...")
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testStart := time.Now()
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for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
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ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
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start := time.Now()
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response, err := cpm.client.Get(ctx, targetURL)
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duration := time.Since(start)
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cancel()
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if err != nil {
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fmt.Printf("第%d次请求: 失败 (%v) - 耗时: %v\n", i, err, duration)
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} else {
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fmt.Printf("第%d次请求: 成功 (%d字节) - 耗时: %v\n", i, len(response), duration)
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}
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time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
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}
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totalTime := time.Since(testStart)
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fmt.Printf("\n持久连接测试完成,总耗时: %v\n", totalTime)
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cpm.PrintPoolStats()
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
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package example
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import (
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"context"
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"fmt"
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"testing"
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"time"
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"github.com/yuninks/curlx"
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)
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func TestConnectionReuse(t *testing.T) {
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// 创建带优化连接池配置的客户端
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client := curlx.NewCurlx(
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curlx.WithMaxIdleConns(50),
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curlx.WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(10),
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curlx.WithMaxConnsPerHost(20),
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curlx.WithIdleConnTimeout(60*time.Second),
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curlx.WithOptionTimeOut(30*time.Second),
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)
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// 测试同一个主机的多次请求,观察连接复用效果
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targetURL := "https://httpbin.org/get"
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fmt.Println("=== 连接复用测试开始 ===")
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// 预热连接
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fmt.Println("1. 预热连接...")
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ctx1, cancel1 := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
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_, err := client.Get(ctx1, targetURL)
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cancel1()
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if err != nil {
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t.Logf("预热请求失败: %v", err)
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return
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}
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fmt.Println(" 预热完成")
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// 连续请求测试
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fmt.Println("\n2. 连续请求测试...")
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for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
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start := time.Now()
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ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
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response, err := client.Get(ctx, targetURL)
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duration := time.Since(start)
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cancel()
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if err != nil {
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t.Logf("第%d次请求失败: %v (耗时: %v)", i, err, duration)
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} else {
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t.Logf("第%d次请求成功: %d字节 (耗时: %v)", i, len(response), duration)
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}
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time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond) // 短暂间隔
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}
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fmt.Println("\n=== 测试完成 ===")
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}
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func TestConcurrentConnectionReuse(t *testing.T) {
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// 创建连接池管理器
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poolManager := NewConnectionPoolManager(
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curlx.WithMaxIdleConns(100),
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curlx.WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(20),
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curlx.WithMaxConnsPerHost(30),
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curlx.WithIdleConnTimeout(120*time.Second),
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)
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||||
|
||||
// 测试并发请求
|
||||
urls := []string{
|
||||
"https://httpbin.org/get",
|
||||
"https://httpbin.org/uuid",
|
||||
"https://httpbin.org/user-agent",
|
||||
"https://httpbin.org/headers",
|
||||
"https://httpbin.org/ip",
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fmt.Println("=== 并发连接复用测试 ===")
|
||||
poolManager.ConcurrentRequests(urls)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestPersistentConnection(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// 创建优化的客户端
|
||||
client := curlx.NewCurlx(
|
||||
curlx.WithMaxIdleConns(30),
|
||||
curlx.WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(5),
|
||||
curlx.WithMaxConnsPerHost(15),
|
||||
curlx.WithIdleConnTimeout(30*time.Second),
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
manager := &ConnectionPoolManager{
|
||||
client: client,
|
||||
// transport: client.transport,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fmt.Println("=== 持久连接测试 ===")
|
||||
manager.PersistentConnectionExample("https://httpbin.org/delay/1")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func Example_connectionReuse() {
|
||||
// 最佳实践示例:如何正确配置连接复用
|
||||
|
||||
// 1. 创建优化配置的客户端
|
||||
client := curlx.NewCurlx(
|
||||
// 连接池配置
|
||||
curlx.WithMaxIdleConns(100), // 总空闲连接数
|
||||
curlx.WithMaxIdleConnsPerHost(10), // 每主机空闲连接数
|
||||
curlx.WithMaxConnsPerHost(50), // 每主机最大连接数
|
||||
curlx.WithIdleConnTimeout(90*time.Second), // 空闲超时时间
|
||||
|
||||
// 其他优化配置
|
||||
curlx.WithOptionTimeOut(30*time.Second),
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
// 2. 复用同一个客户端实例进行多次请求
|
||||
ctx := context.Background()
|
||||
|
||||
// 第一次请求会建立新连接
|
||||
response1, err := client.Get(ctx, "https://httpbin.org/get")
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("首次请求失败: %v\n", err)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
fmt.Printf("首次请求成功: %d字节\n", len(response1))
|
||||
|
||||
// 后续请求会复用已有连接
|
||||
response2, err := client.Get(ctx, "https://httpbin.org/uuid")
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("第二次请求失败: %v\n", err)
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
fmt.Printf("第二次请求成功: %d字节\n", len(response2))
|
||||
|
||||
// 3. 查看连接池状态
|
||||
manager := &ConnectionPoolManager{
|
||||
client: client,
|
||||
// transport: client.transport,
|
||||
}
|
||||
manager.PrintPoolStats()
|
||||
|
||||
// Output:
|
||||
// 首次请求成功: [字节数]
|
||||
// 第二次请求成功: [字节数]
|
||||
// === 连接池统计 ===
|
||||
// 当前空闲连接数: 1
|
||||
// 总连接数: 1
|
||||
// 等待队列长度: 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user